skuast K Forestry 3rd sem material
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Global Agriculture Overview
Agricultural development is one of the most powerful tools to end extreme poverty, boost shared prosperity and feed a projected 9.7 billion people by 2050. Growth in the agriculture sector is two to four times more effective in raising incomes among the poorest compared to other sectors. Analyses in 2016 found that 65 percent of poor working adults made a living through agriculture. Agriculture is also crucial to economic growth: it accounted for 4 percent of global gross domestic product (GDP) and in some developing countries, it can account for more than 25% of GDP.
1. AGRICULTURE------ The word agriculture comes from the Latin words ager-referring to the soil and culture to its cultivation. Agriculture, in its widest sense can be defined as the cultivation and production of crop plants or livestock products. It is synonymous with farming: the field or field dependent production of food, fodder and industrial organic materials.
1.1 History of Indian Agriculture
The history of agriculture and civilisation go hand in hand as the food production made it possible for primitive man to settle down in selected spots leading to formation of society and initiation of civilisation. Western Asia is considered to be the birth place of agricultural revolution where wild ancestors of wheat and barley and domesticated animals like goat, sheep, pig and cattle are found. The period from 7500-6500 B.C. was the period of discovery of agriculture. The period from 3000-1700 B.C. marked the spread of agricultural revolution to Egypt and subsequently to Indus valley. Mohenjodaro to Harappa territory was the centre of agricultural revolution in Indus valley. Agriculture was very important profession during Vedic age 1500-1000 B.C. Use of iron implements, particularly iron ploughs became prevalent. Buddhist period 600 BC marks the importance of trees. It can be called as a period of Arboriculture and Horticulture. During the first century of Christian era the most important development in agriculture was irrigated cultivation in agriculture. Irrigated cultivation of rice in South India Cauvery river was the most important source of irrigation water. Cultivation of rice, finger millet, Sugarcane, Pepper and turmeric was quite common. During British period the most important development in agriculture was cultivation of commercial crops like cotton, sugarcane and Indigo. The reason for introducing commercial crops in India by Britishers, they felt need of raw materials for their industrial growth and they got huge amount from European market by selling our commercial crops there. After Independence during 1950's there was food crisis in India. India imported wheat from USA and rice from Myanmar. During mid 1960's green revolution was started in India. After green revolution India became a food surplus country.
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